Safety Warning
DIY auto repair can cause serious injury, fire, or vehicle damage. These guides are for informational purposes only. Always follow OEM torque specs, wear PPE, and consult a certified mechanic if you are unsure. You are solely responsible for your safety.
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HOMESERVICE MANUALSVOLVO1993960 4D WAGON, AW30-43REPAIR AND DIAGNOSIS (SINGLE PAGE)ENGINE PERFORMANCESYSTEMENGINE CONTROLS - TESTS W/CODESFAULT CODE TESTINGCODE 2-3-1 (LAMBDA CONTROL RICH OR LEAN IN PART-LOAD RANGE) OR CODE 2-3-2 (LAMBDA CONTROL RICH OR LEAN AT IDLE)
1993 Volvo 960 4D Wagon, AW30-43
Code 2-3-1 (Lambda Control Rich Or Lean In Part-Load Range) Or Code 2-3-2 (Lambda Control Rich Or Lean At Idle)
1993 Volvo 960 4D Wagon, AW30-43SECTION Code 2-3-1 (Lambda Control Rich Or Lean In Part-Load Range) Or Code 2-3-2 (Lambda Control Rich Or Lean At Idle)
- Control unit receives information from oxygen sensor on whether fuel/air mixture is too rich or too lean in part-load and idling ranges. Control unit adaptive system compensates for this by making mixture leaner or richer as necessary. If mixture must be compensated excessively, a fault code is set.
- Start engine. Connect voltmeter between terminals No. 1 and 2 in starter motor 2-pin connector. Voltmeter should indicate battery voltage. If no voltage is present, check fuse No. 30.
- Stop engine. Disconnect starter motor connector. Connect ohmmeter between starter motor connector terminals No. 1 and 2. Ohmmeter should show 3-13 ohms, depending on resistor temperature.
- Connect Measuring Unit (999-3070 ) to ECU. See CONNECTING MEASURING UNIT TO ECU . Start engine. Connect voltmeter between measuring unit terminals No. 28 and 30. After a short interval, voltmeter should oscillate between 0.1-1.0 volt.
- If voltage remains constant at zero volts, sensor is interpreting fuel/air mixture as lean. If voltage is constant at one volt, sensor is interpreting fuel/air mixture as rich.
- If either fault code 2-3-1 or 2-3-2 is displayed and voltmeter is oscillating between 0.1-1.0 volt, Lambda control is correctly adjusting CO content even though ECU is indicating fault.
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When to See a Mechanic
Stop DIY work and contact a certified mechanic immediately if any of the following apply:
- • You smell fuel, burning insulation, or see smoke.
- • Brakes feel soft, pull hard to one side, or make grinding noises.
- • The engine overheats, stalls repeatedly, or misfires under load.
- • You are missing required tools, torque specs, or safe lifting equipment.
- • You are not confident in the next step or safety outcome.