System Description

HINT:

The skid control ECU is located within the brake actuator assembly.

1. ABS (Anti-lock Brake System)

   The ABS helps prevent the wheels from locking when the brakes are applied firmly or when braking on a slippery surface.

   Fig 1: ABS - System Diagram

   Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
   1. Operation description

      The skid control ECU detects wheel lock based on speed signals received from the wheel speed sensors. Based on this information, the skid control ECU controls the pump motor and solenoid valves. The pump motor and solenoid valves are used to prevent wheel lock by controlling the hydraulic pressure applied to the brakes at each wheel. The ABS warning light will come on when the system is malfunctioning.

2. EBD (Electronic Brake force Distribution)

   The EBD control utilizes ABS and performs proper brake force distribution between the front and rear wheels in accordance with driving conditions. When braking while cornering, it also controls the brake forces of the right and left wheels, helping to maintain vehicle stability.

   Fig 2: EBD - System Diagram

   Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
   1. Operation description

      The skid control ECU receives a speed signal from each wheel speed sensor, and uses these signals to detect locking of the wheels. The ECU uses this information in order to determine appropriate control of the solenoid valves. The solenoid valves control the hydraulic pressure applied to the brake cylinder at each wheel. In this way, the solenoid valves are used to control the brake power split between the front and rear, and left and right wheels. The ABS warning and brake warning lights will come on if there is a malfunction in the EBD system.

1. Based on the signals received from each of the 4 wheel speed sensors, the skid control ECU calculates the speed of each wheel and checks the wheel slippage conditions. The ECU controls the pressure holding valve and pressure reduction valve in order to adjust the brake fluid pressure of each wheel cylinder in accordance with the slippage conditions.

1. When a failure occurs in the ABS system, the ABS warning light comes on and system operation is prohibited. In addition to this, when a failure which disables the EBD operation occurs, the brake warning light comes on and EBD operation is prohibited.
2. If control is prohibited due to a malfunction during operation, control will be disabled gradually. This is to avoid sudden vehicle instability.

1. When the vehicle speed first reaches approximately 6 km/h (4 mph) or more after the ignition switch is turned to ON, each solenoid valve and motor in the brake actuator is sequentially activated to perform an electrical check. During the initial check, the operating sound of the solenoid valves and motors can be heard from the engine compartment, but this is not a malfunction.