Engine Control Module: Description and Operation

NOTE: The ECU constantly monitors input devices for malfunctions. However, it only checks for output device faults during a three second period after the ignition is switched "ON" and test connector (green, 1 pin) is grounded.

The ECU is a computer that judges air/fuel ratio as rich or lean according to a voltage signal generated by an oxygen sensor. Based on oxygen sensor and other input data, the ECU generates a controlling signal to the fuel injectors that regulates "ON" time. Because fuel pressure remains constant, the ECU controls air/fuel ratio adjustments by varying injector "ON" time.

To provide a margin of safety by maintaining driveability in the event of certain system failures, the ECU has a fail-safe mode of preprogrammed values. The output of the ECU will automatically switch to fail-safe mode if a fault is detected in any of these components and/or systems:

^ Airflow meter
^ Atmospheric pressure sensor
^ EGR position sensor (CA only)
^ Feedback system
^ Intake air thermosensor
^ Oxygen sensor
^ Throttle sensor
^ Water thermosensor

The ECU incorporates self-diagnostic capability monitored via a dash mounted malfunction indicator lamp (MIL). When the system detects a fault in a monitored component and/or circuit, the lamp will light and stay on (while the engine is running). To extract codes, the technician can either utilize a "Scan" tool or cause the MIL to display codes by grounding the test connector (green, 1 pin) in the engine compartment.