Safety Warning
DIY auto repair can cause serious injury, fire, or vehicle damage. These guides are for informational purposes only. Always follow OEM torque specs, wear PPE, and consult a certified mechanic if you are unsure. You are solely responsible for your safety.
PCM Connector for Inputs and Outputs (2017 2018 2019 2020)
2018 Acura MDX BaseSECTION PCM Connector for Inputs and Outputs (2017 2018 2019 2020)
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 2 *2 | BRN | CST (CONVERTER START TRIGGER) | Sends trigger signal for DC-DC converter | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage |
| 3 | BLU | STRLY (STARTER RELAY 1) | Drives starter cut relay 1 | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage |
| 4 | RED | STRLY2 (STARTER RELAY 2) | Drives starter cut relay 2 | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage |
| 5 | GRN | FAN LO (RADIATOR FAN CONTROL) | Drives A/C condenser fan relay | With condenser fan running: about 0 V With condenser fan stopped: battery voltage |
| 6 | BRN | FAN HIGH (RADIATOR FAN CONTROL) | Drives radiator fan relay | With radiator fan running: about 0 V With radiator fan stopped: battery voltage |
| 7 | RED | M RLY (PGM-FI MAIN RELAY 1) | Drives PGM-FI main relay 1 | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With vehicle in OFF (LOCK) mode: battery voltage |
| 8 | GRY | IMOFLR (IMMOBILIZER FUEL PUMP RELAY) | Drives PGM-FI main relay 2 | 0 V for 2 seconds after turn the vehicle to ON mode, then battery voltage |
| 9 | WHT | F-CAN A_H (F-CAN COMMUNICATION A SIGNAL HIGH) | Sends and receives communication signal | With vehicle in ON mode: pulses |
| 10 | BRN | F-CAN A_L (F-CAN COMMUNICATION A SIGNAL LOW) | Sends and receives communication signal | With vehicle in ON mode: pulses |
| 11 | LT BLU | F-CAN B_H (F-CAN COMMUNICATION B SIGNAL HIGH) | Sends and receives communication signal | With vehicle in ON mode: pulses |
| 12 | GRY | F-CAN B_L (F-CAN COMMUNICATION B SIGNAL LOW) | Sends and receives communication signal | With vehicle in ON mode: pulses |
| 13 | WHT | DBW RLY (ELECTRONIC THROTTLE CONTROL SYSTEM (ETCS) CONTROL RELAY) | Drives electronic throttle control system (ETCS) control relay | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V |
| 14 | PNK | LAF RLY (PGM-FI SUBRELAY) | Drives PGM-FI subrelay | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V |
| 15 *1 | RED | VSS (EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) CANISTER VENT SHUT VALVE) | Drives EVAP canister vent shut valve | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V |
| 16 | Not used | Not used |
*1: USA and Canada models*2: With auto idle stop system
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | PNK | INJ RLY (INJECTOR CONTROL MODULE RELAY) | Drives injector relay | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V |
| 18 | YEL | IG1 FUEL PUMP (IGNITION SIGNAL) | Detects ignition signal | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage |
| 19 | LT BLU | VCC2 (SENSOR VOLTAGE) | Provides sensor reference voltage | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V |
| 20 | BLK | GND (SENSOR GROUND) | Sensor ground | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 21 | RED | VGM (MASS AIR FLOW (MAF) SENSOR -SIDE) | Ground for MAF sensor signal | |
| 22 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 23 | PUR | ACCL (A/C CLUTCH RELAY) | Drives A/C clutch relay | With compressor ON: about 0 V With compressor OFF: battery voltage |
| 24 | YEL | DISTANCE SW GND (BRAKE PEDAL POSITION SWITCH) | Detects brake pedal position switch signal | With vehicle in ON mode and brake pedal released: battery voltage With vehicle in ON mode and brake pedal pressed: about 0 V |
| 25 | PUR | STOP SW (BRAKE PEDAL POSITION SWITCH) | Detects brake pedal position switch signal | With brake pedal released: about 0 V With brake pedal pressed: battery voltage |
| 26 | LT BLU | STRLD (STARTER SIGNAL LOAD) | Detects starter cut relay | With starter ON: battery voltage |
| 27 | LT BLU | STS (STARTER SWITCH SIGNAL) | Detects starter switch signal | With vehicle in START mode: battery voltage With vehicle in other than START mode: about 0 V |
| 28 | GRY | FPCD (FUEL PUMP CONTROL MODULE DIAGNOSIS) | Detects fuel pump control module diagnosis | At idle: about 10.0 V |
| 29 | PNK | FPC (FUEL PUMP CONTROL) | Sends fuel pump control module control signal | Pulses for 2 seconds after turn the vehicle to ON mode, then about 0 V At idle: pulses (battery voltage) |
| 30 *1 | PUR | PTANK (FUEL TANK PRESSURE (FTP) SENSOR) | Detects FTP sensor signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 2.5 V |
| 31 | RED | TW2 SNSR (ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE (ECT) SENSOR 2) | Detects ECT sensor 2 signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0.1-4.8 V (depending on engine coolant temperature) |
| 32 | GRN | VGP (MASS AIR FLOW (MAF) SENSOR +SIDE) | Detects MAF sensor signal | At idle with warmed up engine and no electrical load: about 0.5-1.6 V |
| 33 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 34 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 35 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 36 *2 | PNK | MPMON (BRAKE BOOSTER PRESSURE MONITOR) | Detects brake booster pressure sensor signal | With vehicle in ON mode, and no vacuum in brake booster: about 2.0 V At idle: about 1.7 V (depending on engine speed) |
| 37 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 38 | PUR | S-NET (SERIAL COMMUNICATION FOR IMMOBILIZER) | Sends and receives communication signal | With vehicle in ON mode: pulses |
| 39 | YEL | SCS (SERVICE CHECK SIGNAL) | Detects service check signal | With service check signal shorted : about 0 V With service check signal opened: about 5.0 V |
| 40 | YEL | NEP (ENGINE SPEED PULSE) | Outputs engine speed pulse | With engine running: pulses |
| 41 | RED | VCC3 (SENSOR VOLTAGE) | Provides sensor reference voltage | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V |
*1: USA and Canada models*2: With auto idle stop system
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 42 | LT BLU | VCC4 (SENSOR VOLTAGE) | Provides sensor reference voltage | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V |
| 43 | BLK | GND (SENSOR GROUND | Sensor ground | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 44 | BLK | SGND (SENSOR GROUND) | Sensor ground | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 45 | GRN | AP1 (ACCELERATOR PEDAL POSITION (APP) SENSOR A) | Detects APP sensor A signal | With vehicle in ON mode and accelerator pedal pressed: about 4.7 V With vehicle in ON mode and accelerator pedal released: about 1.0 V |
| 46 | PNK | AP2 (ACCELERATOR PEDAL POSITION (APP) SENSOR B) | Detects APP sensor B signal | With vehicle in ON mode and accelerator pedal pressed: about 2.3 V With vehicle in ON mode and accelerator pedal released: about 0.5 V |
| 47 | WHT | PD SNSR (A/C PRESSURE SENSOR) | Detects A/C pressure sensor signal | With A/C switch ON: about 1.4-4.8 V (depending on A/C pressure) |
| 48 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 49 | GRN | VSP OUT (VEHICLE SPEED SIGNAL OUTPUT) | Sends vehicle speed signal | Depending on vehicle speed: pulses |
| 50 | GRN | CRK OUT (CRANKSHAFT POSITION (CKP) OUTPUT SIGNAL) | Sends CKP signal to engine mount control unit | With engine running: pulses |
| 51 | RED | TDC OUT (CAMSHAFT POSITION (CMP) OUTPUT SIGNAL) | Sends CMP signal to engine mount control unit | With engine running: pulses |
*1: USA and Canada models*2: With auto idle stop system
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | TAN | IG1(VBSOL) (POWER SOURCE FOR SOLENOID VALVES) | Power source for solenoid valves | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage |
| 2 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 3 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 4 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 5 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 6 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 7 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 8 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 9 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 10 | YEL | IGP (POWER SOURCE) | Power source for PCM | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage |
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | BLK | GND1 (POWER GROUND) | Ground for PCM | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 12 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 13 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 14 | BRN | INJ Ti 1 (No. 1 INJECTOR CONTROL DRIVE SIGNAL) | No. 1 injector drive signal | With engine running: pulses |
| 15 | RED | INJ Ti 2 (No. 2 INJECTOR CONTROL DRIVE SIGNAL) | No. 2 injector drive signal | |
| 16 | BLU | INJ Ti 3 (No. 3 INJECTOR CONTROL DRIVE SIGNAL) | No. 3 injector drive signal | |
| 17 | TAN | INJ Ti 4 (No. 4 INJECTOR CONTROL DRIVE SIGNAL) | No. 4 injector drive signal | |
| 18 | PNK | INJ Ti 5 (No. 5 INJECTOR CONTROL DRIVE SIGNAL) | No. 5 injector drive signal | |
| 19 | LT BLU | INJ Ti 6 (No. 6 INJECTOR CONTROL DRIVE SIGNAL) | No. 6 injector drive signal | |
| 20 | BRN | GND2 LG (LOGIC GROUND) | Ground for PCM | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 21 | YEL | IGN PULSE5 (No. 5 IGNITION COIL PULSE) | Drives No. 5 ignition coil | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 22 | TAN | IGN PULSE6 (No. 6 IGNITION COIL PULSE) | Drives No. 6 ignition coil | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 23 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 24 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 25 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 26 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 27 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 28 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 29 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 30 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 31 | RED | THL1 (THROTTLE POSITION (TP) SENSOR A) | Detects TP sensor A signal | With vehicle in ON mode and accelerator pedal pressed: about 3.9 V With vehicle in ON mode and accelerator pedal released: about 0.9 V |
| 32 | BLU | IGN PULSE3 (No. 3 IGNITION COIL PULSE) | Drives No. 3 ignition coil | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 33 | LT BLU | IGN PULSE4 (No. 4 IGNITION COIL PULSE) | Drives No. 4 ignition coil | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 34 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 35 | WHT | PF (FUEL RAIL PRESSURE SENSOR) | Detects fuel rail pressure sensor signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 1.4 V At idle: about 1.1 V |
| 36 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 37 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 38 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 39 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 40 | TAN | THL2 (THROTTLE POSITION (TP) SENSOR B) | Detects TP sensor B signal | With vehicle in ON mode and accelerator pedal pressed: about 4.1 V With vehicle in ON mode and accelerator pedal released: about 1.7 V |
| 41 | WHT | IGN PULSE1 (No. 1 IGNITION COIL PULSE) | Drives No. 1 ignition coil | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 42 | PUR | IGN PULSE2 (No. 2 IGNITION COIL PULSE) | Drives No. 2 ignition coil | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: pulses |
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43 | GRN | VCC2 (SENSOR VOLTAGE) | Provides sensor reference voltage | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V |
| 44 | BLU | VCC5 (SENSOR VOLTAGE) | Provides sensor reference voltage | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V |
| 45 | GRY | SG2 (SENSOR GROUND) | Sensor ground | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 46 | GRN | SG5 (SENSOR GROUND) | Sensor ground | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 47 | PUR | OP SENSOR (ENGINE OIL PRESSURE) | Detects rocker arm oil pressure sensor signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0.8 V (depending on engine oil pressure) |
| 48 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 49 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 50 | YEL | LIN (LOCAL INTERCONNECT NETWORK) | Sends and receives communication signal | With vehicle in ON mode: pulses |
| 51 | GRY | TDC (CAMSHAFT POSITION (CMP) SENSOR) | Detects CMP sensor signal | With engine running: pulses |
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BLK | PGM (POWER GROUND) | Ground for PCM | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 2 | LT BLU | MTR2 (THROTTLE ACTUATOR +SIDE) | Drives throttle actuator | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V |
| 3 | WHT | MTR1 (THROTTLE ACTUATOR -SIDE) | Ground for throttle actuator | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V |
| 4 | GRN | IG1M (IGNITION SIGNAL ETCS) | Detects ignition signal | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage |
| 5 | PUR | SO2HT B1 (REAR SECONDARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (REAR SECONDARY HO2S (BANK 1, SENSOR 2) HEATER CONTROL) | Drives rear secondary HO2S (Bank 1, sensor 2) heater | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage With warmed up engine running: duty controlled |
| 6 | TAN | AFHT B1 (REAR AIR FUEL RATIO (REAR A/F) SENSOR (BANK 1, SENSOR 1) HEATER CONTROL) | Drives rear A/F sensor (Bank 1, sensor 1) heater | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage With warmed up engine running: about 0 V or duty controlled |
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | RED | SO2HT B2 (FRONT SECONDARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (SECONDARY HO2S (BANK 2, SENSOR 2) HEATER CONTROL) | Drives front secondary HO2S (Bank 2, sensor 2) heater | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage With warmed up engine running: duty controlled |
| 8 | GRY | AFHTB2 (FRONT AIR FUEL RATIO (FRONT A/F) SENSOR (BANK 2, SENSOR 1) HEATER CONTROL) | Drives front A/F sensor (Bank 2, sensor 1) heater | With vehicle in ON mode: battery voltage With warmed up engine running: about 0 V or duty controlled |
| 9 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 10 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 11 | BLU | CRK (CRANKSHAFT POSITION (CKP) SENSOR) | Detects CKP sensor signal | With engine running: pulses |
| 12 | RED | PCS (EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) CANISTER PURGE VALVE) | Drives EVAP canister purge valve | With engine running, engine coolant below 65 °C (149 °F): battery voltage With engine running, engine coolant above 65 °C (149 °F): duty controlled |
| 13 | PUR | E EGR (EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) VALVE) | Drives EGR valve | With EGR operating: duty controlled With EGR not operating: about 0 V |
| 14 | GRN | CSS (ROCKER ARM OIL CONTROL SOLENOID B (BANK 1)) | Drives rocker arm oil control solenoid B (Bank 1) | With vehicle in ON mode or at idle: about 0 V |
| 15 | LT GRN | VTSB1 (ROCKER ARM OIL CONTROL SOLENOID A (BANK 1)) | Drives rocker arm oil control solenoid A (Bank 1) | At idle: about 0 V |
| 16 | LT BLU | VTSB2 (ROCKER ARM OIL CONTROL SOLENOID A (BANK 2)) | Drives rocker arm oil control solenoid A (Bank 2) | At idle: about 0 V |
| 17 | LT GRN | INJF1 (INJECTOR DIAG SIGNAL1) | No. 1, No. 5 injector return signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 18 | GRY | INJF2 (INJECTOR DIAG SIGNAL2) | No. 3, No. 4 injector return signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 19 | PUR | INJF3 (INJECTOR DIAG SIGNAL3) | No. 2, No. 6 injector return signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 20 | BLK | GND3 (POWER GROUND) | Ground for PCM | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 21 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 22 | PUR | VTMB1 (ROCKER ARM OIL PRESSURE SWITCH A (BANK 1)) | Detects rocker arm oil pressure switch A (Bank 1) signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 23 | LT GRN | VTMB2 (ROCKER ARM OIL PRESSURE SWITCH A (BANK 2)) | Detects rocker arm oil pressure switch A (Bank 2) signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 24 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 25 | LT GRN | VSB1 (VS CELL + BANK 1) | Detects rear A/F sensor (Bank 1, sensor 1) VS CELL signal | With warmed up engine running: about 3.4-4.8 V |
| 26 | RED | VCENTB1 (VIRTUAL GROUND BANK 1) | Provides reference voltage for rear A/F sensor (Bank 1, sensor 1) | With warmed up engine at idle: about 3.4-3.8 V |
| 27 | Not used | Not used |
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | WHT | VSB2 (VS CELL + BANK 2) | Detects front A/F sensor (Bank 2, sensor 1) VS CELL signal | With warmed up engine running: about 3.4-4.8 V |
| 29 | YEL | VCENTB2 (VIRTUAL GROUND BANK 2) | Provides reference voltage for front A/F sensor (Bank 2, sensor 1) | With warmed up engine at idle: about 3.4-4.8 V |
| 30 | GRN | SO2B1 (REAR SECONDARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (REAR SECONDARY HO2S (BANK 1, SENSOR 2))) | Detects rear secondary HO2S (Bank 1, sensor 2) signal | With throttle fully opened from idle and warmed up engine: about 0.6 V With throttle quickly closed: below 0.4 V |
| 31 | BLU | SO2B2 (FRONT SECONDARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (FRONT SECONDARY HO2S (BANK 2, SENSOR 2))) | Detects front secondary HO2S (Bank 2, sensor 2) signal | With throttle fully opened from idle and warmed up engine: about 0.6 V With throttle quickly closed: below 0.4 V |
| 32 | PNK | VCC1 (SENSOR VOLTAGE) | Provides sensor reference voltage | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V |
| 33 | BLU | SG1 (SENSOR GROUND) | Sensor ground | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 34 | TAN | VCMSW (ROCKER ARM OIL PRESSURE SWITCH B (BANK 1)) | Detects rocker arm oil pressure switch B (Bank 1) signal | With vehicle in ON mode or at idle: battery voltage |
| 35 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 36 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 37 | GRN | IPB1 (IP CELL + BANK 1) | Detects rear A/F sensor (Bank 1, sensor 1) pump cell | With engine running: about 2.0-5.6 V |
| 38 | PUR | IPB2 (IP CELL + BANK 2) | Detects front A/F sensor (Bank 2, sensor 1) pump cell | With engine running: about 2.0-5.6 V |
| 39 | WHT | SO2SGB1 (REAR SECONDARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (REAR SECONDARY HO2S (BANK 1, SENSOR 2)) SENSOR GROUND) | Sensor ground for rear secondary HO2S (Bank 1, sensor 2) | With vehicle in ON mode: about 1.5 V |
| 40 | YEL | SO2SGB2 (FRONT SECONDARY HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (FRONT SECONDARY HO2S (BANK 2, SENSOR 2)) SENSOR GROUND) | Sensor ground for front secondary HO2S (Bank 2, sensor 2) | With vehicle in ON mode: about 1.5 V |
| 41 | RED | KSB1 (KNOCK SENSOR 1 (BANK 1)) | Detects knock sensor 1 (Bank 1) signal | With engine knocking: about 2.5 V |
| 42 | GRN | KSSGB1 (KNOCK SENSOR 1 (BANK 1) GROUND) | Sensor ground for knock sensor 1 (Bank 1) | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 43 | WHT | KSB2 (KNOCK SENSOR 2 (BANK 2)) | Detects knock sensor 2 (Bank 2) signal | With engine knocking: about 2.5 V |
| 44 | BLK | KSSGB2 (KNOCK SENSOR 2 (BANK 2) GROUND) | Sensor ground for knock sensor 2 (Bank 2) | Less than 0.2 V at all times |
| 45 | PUR | PB (MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PRESSURE (MAP) SENSOR) | Detects MAP sensor signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 3.0 V At idle: about 1.0 V (depending on engine speed) |
| Terminal number | Wire color | Terminal name | Description | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46 | LT BLU | EGRL (EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) VALVE POSITION SENSOR) | Detects EGR valve position sensor signal | With engine running: about 1.2-3.0 V (depending on EGR valve lift) |
| 47 | Not used | Not used | ||
| 48 | PNK | TW (ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR (ECT) SENSOR 1) | Detects ECT sensor 1 signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0.1-4.8 V (depending on engine coolant temperature) |
| 49 | BRN | TA (INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE (IAT) SENSOR) | Detects IAT sensor signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0.1-4.8 V (depending on intake air temperature) |
| 50 | GRN | FPF (HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP) | Detects high pressure fuel pump return signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 5.0 V With engine running: pulses |
| 51 | WHT | HPT1 (HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP) | Detects high pressure fuel pump drive signal | With vehicle in ON mode: about 0 V With engine running: duty controlled |
RENDER: 1.0x
NO RELATED
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When to See a Mechanic
Stop DIY work and contact a certified mechanic immediately if any of the following apply:
- • You smell fuel, burning insulation, or see smoke.
- • Brakes feel soft, pull hard to one side, or make grinding noises.
- • The engine overheats, stalls repeatedly, or misfires under load.
- • You are missing required tools, torque specs, or safe lifting equipment.
- • You are not confident in the next step or safety outcome.