Safety Warning
DIY auto repair can cause serious injury, fire, or vehicle damage. These guides are for informational purposes only. Always follow OEM torque specs, wear PPE, and consult a certified mechanic if you are unsure. You are solely responsible for your safety.
2011 Volvo S60FACTORY OEM SERVICE PROCEDURE
Signal Specification, Engine Control Module (ECM)
General
All the values given below apply between the respective terminal (column 1) and power ground (#C2, #C4 or #C6 on the breakout box). If this is not the case, it is indicated in column 6 (Miscellaneous).
Control module terminals:
- #A1-#A60 correspond to adapter connector A (breakout box #A1-#A60)
- #A61-#A96 correspond to adapter connector B (breakout box #B1-#B36)
- #B1-#B58 correspond to adapter connector C (breakout box #C1-#C58).
NOTE:
It is important to connect the breakout box and check the ground terminals before taking readings.
| U= | DC voltage in volts (V) | PWM = | Pulse width modulated signal in % |
| Ubat = | Battery voltage (V) | f = | Frequency in Hertz (Hz) |
| Ulow = | Voltage approximately 0 V | t = | Time in milliseconds (ms) |
CONNECTOR A
| Breakout box terminal | Control module terminal | Signal type | Ignition on | Idle | Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #A1 | #A1 | Injector no. 1, control signal | U = Ubat | t= 1-3 ms | t increases with engine speed and load |
| #A2 | #A2 | Injector no. 3, control signal | U = Ubat | t= 1-3 ms | t increases with engine speed and load |
| #A3 | #A3 | Injector no. 5, control signal | U = Ubat | t= 1-3 ms | t increases with engine speed and load |
| #A4 | #A4 | - | - | - | |
| #A5 | #A5 | Variable A/C compressor, control signal | - | Utop = 12 V pulse ratio 30-75% f=400 Hz | |
| #A6 | #A6 | - | - | - | |
| #A7 | #A7 | Knock sensor (KS) 1, signal (+) | U = Ulow | - | |
| #A8 | #A8 | - | - | - | |
| #A9 | #A9 | - | - | - | |
| #A10 | #A10 | Oil level sensor, ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | |
| #A11 | #A11 | - | - | - | |
| #A12 | #A12 | Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor, signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | |
| #A13 | #A13 | Sensor, signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | See relevant wiring diagram for information about connected sensors. |
| #A14 | #A14 | Throttle position (TP), signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | |
| #A15 | #A15 | Fuel pressure sensor, signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | See relevant wiring diagram for information about connected sensors. |
| #A16 | #A16 | Intake camshaft position (CMP) sensor, power supply 5 V | U = 5 V | - | |
| #A17 | #A17 | Camshaft position (CMP) sensor, exhaust, power supply 5 V | U = 5 V | - | |
| #A18 | #A18 | Mass air flow sensor, power supply 5 V | U = 5 V | - | Connected internally via power amplifier in Engine Control Module (ECM) with boost pressure sensor, fuel pressure sensor and AC high pressure sensor. |
| #A19 | #A19 | Throttle position (TP) sensor, power supply 5 V | U = 5 V | - | |
| #A20 | #A20 | Oil level sensor, power supply | U = 5 V | U = 5 V | Connected internally via power amplifier in engine control module (ECM) with boost pressure sensor, mass air flow sensor, fuel pressure sensor and AC pressure sensor. |
| #A21 | #A21 | - | - | - | |
| #A22 | #A22 | - | - | - | |
| #A23 | #A23 | - | - | - | |
| #A24 | #A24 | - | - | - | |
| #A25 | #A25 | Injector no. 2, control signal | U = Ubat | t= 1-3 ms | t increases with engine speed (RPM) and load |
| #A26 | #A26 | Injector no. 4, control signal | U = Ubat | t= 1-3 ms | t increases with engine speed (RPM) and load |
| #A27 | #A27 | - | - | - | |
| #A28 | #A28 | - | - | - | |
| #A29 | #A29 | - | - | - | |
| #A30 | #A30 | - | - | - | |
| #A31 | #A31 | Knock sensor (KS) 2, signal (-) | U = Ulow | - | |
| #A32 | #A32 | - | - | - | |
| #A33 | #A33 | - | - | - | |
| #A34 | #A34 | Ignition coil cyl 3, control signal | U = Ulow | - | The frequency increases with engine speed (RPM). |
| #A35 | #A35 | - | - | - | |
| #A36 | #A36 | Intake camshaft position (CMP) sensor, signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | |
| #A37 | #A37 | Exhaust camshaft position (CMP) sensor, signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | |
| #A38 | #A38 | Boost pressure sensor (T-MAP), signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | |
| #A39 | #A39 | - | - | - | |
| #A40 | #A40 | - | - | - | |
| #A41 | #A41 | Fuel pressure sensor, signal fuel temperature | U≈ 0.5-4.5 V | U≈ 0.5-4.5 V | U drops with increased fuel temperature. The fuel temperature sensor is integrated in the fuel pressure sensor. |
| #A42 | #A42 | Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor, signal | (+30 °C) U=1.22 V (+80 °C) U=0.29 V (+100 °C) U=0.17 V | (+30 °C) U=1.22 V (+80 °C) U=0.29 V (+100 °C) U=0.17 V | U drops with increased engine coolant temperature. |
| #A43 | #A43 | Boost pressure sensor, power supply 5 V | U = 5 V | - | Connected internally via power amplifier in Engine Control Module (ECM) with mass air flow sensor, fuel pressure sensor and AC high pressure sensor. |
| #A44 | #A44 | Fuel pressure sensor, power supply | U = 5 V | U = 5 V | Connected internally via power amplifier in Engine Control Module (ECM) with boost pressure sensor, mass air flow sensor and AC high pressure sensor. |
| #A45 | #A45 | - | - | - | |
| #A46 | #A46 | LIN bus | - | - | Digital communication with the Alternator control module (ACM). |
| #A47 | #A47 | - | - | - | |
| #A48 | #A48 | - | - | - | |
| #A49 | #A49 | Rear heated oxygen sensor preheating, control signal | U = Ubat | Preheating off: U=Ubat Preheating on: U=Ulow | Pulsed signal. |
| #A50 | #A50 | Evaporative emission system (EVAP) valve, control signal | U = Ubat | Pulse width modulation (PWM) signal during opening (control) of the evaporative emission system (EVAP) valve. % duty varies depending on control. | |
| #A51 | #A51 | Turbocharger (TC) control valve, control signal | U = Ubat | U = Ubat | PWM signal during opening (control) of the turbocharger (TC) control valve. % duty varies depending on control. |
| #A52 | #A52 | - | - | - | |
| #A53 | #A53 | Engine speed (RPM) sensor, signal (-) | U = 2.5 V | U = sine wave voltage Utop = 5 V Uoffset = 2.5 V | Measure to terminal #A77 (#B17). The frequency increases with engine speed (RPM). |
| #A54 | #A54 | - | - | - | |
| #A55 | #A55 | Knock sensor (KS) 1, signal (-) | U = Ulow | - | |
| #A56 | #A56 | ||||
| #A57 | #A57 | Ignition coil cyl 2, control signal | U = Ulow | - | The frequency increases with engine speed (RPM). |
| #A58 | #A58 | Ignition coil cyl 5, control signal | U = Ulow | - | The frequency increases with engine speed (RPM). |
| #A59 | #A59 | Exhaust camshaft position (CMP) sensor, signal | U = 5 V | U = Pulsed signal Utop = 5 V Uoffset = 2.5V | The frequency varies according to engine speed (RPM). |
| #A60 | #A60 | - | - | - | |
| #B1 | #A61 | Mass air flow (MAF) sensor, signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | |
| #B2 | #A62 | - | - | - | |
| #B3 | #A63 | Mass air flow (MAF) sensor, signal | U = 1 V | U≈1.5 V | U increases with increasing air mass. |
| #B4 | #A64 | - | - | - | |
| #B5 | #A65 | Throttle position (TP) sensor circuit 1, signal | U≈ 0.4-4 V | U≈ 0.4-4 V | U varies depending on the position of the throttle. U increases with increased throttle opening. |
| #B6 | #A66 | - | - | - | |
| #B7 | #A67 | Front heated oxygen sensor (HO2S), signal (+) | - | - | Pulsed current signal, not measured. |
| #B8 | #A68 | Front heated oxygen sensor (HO2S), pump current | - | - | Pulsed current supply, not measured. |
| #B9 | #A69 | - | - | - | |
| #B10 | #A70 | - | - | - | |
| #B11 | #A71 | - | - | - | |
| #B12 | #A72 | Reset valve camshaft intake (VVT), control signal | - | PWM signal U top=Ubat f=250 Hz (12.5 Hz) | % duty varies depending on control. |
| #B13 | #A73 | Front heated oxygen sensor (HO2S), preheating, control signal | U = Ubat | Preheating off: U=Ubat Preheating on: U=Ulow | |
| #B14 | #A74 | Throttle unit motor, control signal (+) | - | PWM signal Utop =Ubat Pulse ratio 0-100 %. The polarity of the control signal switches when the damper motor is to be deployed in the opposite direction. | The throttle motor is controlled using a PWM signal from the integrated power amplifier in the Engine Control Module (ECM) measured to terminal #A75 (#B15). |
| #B15 | #A75 | Throttle unit motor, control signal (-) | - | PWM signal Utop =Ubat Pulse ratio 0-100 %. The polarity of the control signal switches when the damper motor is to be deployed in the opposite direction. | The throttle motor is controlled using a PWM signal from the integrated power amplifier in the Engine Control Module (ECM) measured to terminal #A74 (#B14). |
| #B16 | #A76 | - | - | - | |
| #B17 | #A77 | Engine speed (RPM) sensor, signal (+) | U = 2.5 V | U = sine wave voltage Utop = 5 V Uoffset = 2.5 V | Measured to #A53 (#A53). The frequency increases with engine speed (RPM). |
| #B18 | #A78 | - | - | - | |
| #B19 | #A79 | Knock sensor (KS) 2, signal (+) | U = Ulow | - | |
| #B20 | #A80 | - | - | - | |
| #B21 | #A81 | Ignition coil cyl 1, control signal | U = Ulow | - | The frequency increases with engine speed (RPM). |
| #B22 | #A82 | Ignition coil cyl 4, control signal | U = Ulow | - | The frequency increases with engine speed (RPM). |
| #B23 | #A83 | Intake camshaft position (CMP) sensor, signal | U = 5 V | U = Pulsed signal Utop = 5 V Uoffset = 2.5V | The frequency varies according to engine speed (RPM). |
| #B24 | #A84 | - | - | - | |
| #B25 | #A85 | Oil level sensor, signal | - | PWM signal, U = U top Pulse ratio 17-83%, T=120ms, Pulse train with three pulses and then a 1.2 second pause. Pulse no. 1 = oil temperature. Pulse no. 2 = oil level. Pulse no. 3 = oil quality. The pulse ratio for pulse changes based on current: - oil temperature - oil level - oil quality |
The PWM signal is generated by the oil level sensor. |
| #B26 | #A86 | Boost pressure sensor (T-MAP), signal air pressure intake manifold | U≈2 V | U≈2 V | U increases with higher air pressure. |
| #B27 | #A87 | Boost pressure sensor (T-MAP), signal intake air temperature sensor | (+20 °C) U=3.50 V (+30 °C) U=3.00 V (+40 °C) U=2.50 V | (+20 °C) U=3.50 V (+30 °C) U=3.00 V (+40 °C) U=2.50 V | The intake air temperature (IAT) sensor is integrated in the boost pressure sensor. |
| #B28 | #A88 | Throttle position (TP) sensor circuit 2, signal | U≈4-0.4 V | U≈4-0.4 V | The voltage varies depending on the position of the throttle. U decreases with increasing throttle opening. |
| #B29 | #A89 | Fuel pressure sensor, fuel pressure signal | - | 350 - 400 kPa (absolute pressure) U = 1.8 - 2 V | The voltage increases with higher fuel pressure. |
| #B30 | #A90 | Rear heated oxygen sensor (HO2S), signal (+) | U≈0.50 V | Between 0.6 - 0.3 V | |
| #B31 | #A91 | Front heated oxygen sensor (HO2S), signal (-) | - | - | Pulsed current signal, not measured. |
| #B32 | #A92 | Front heated oxygen sensor (HO2S), calibration current | - | - | Pulsed current signal, not measured. |
| #B33 | #A93 | - | - | - | |
| #B34 | #A94 | - | - | - | |
| #B35 | #A95 | Rear heated oxygen sensor (HO2S), signal (-) | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | |
| #B36 | #A96 | Reset valve camshaft exhaust (VVT), control signal | PWM signal Utop =Ubat f=250 Hz (12.5 Hz) | % duty varies depending on control. |
CONNECTOR B
| Breakout box terminal | Control module terminal | Signal type | Ignition on | Idle | Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #C1 | #B1 | - | - | - | - |
| #C2 | #B2 | Power ground 1 | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | Ground terminal, connected to the chassis at the right-hand suspension turret |
| #C3 | #B3 | Power supply from the system relay | U = Ubat | - | Power supply 12 V engine control module (ECM) from the system relay. |
| #C4 | #B4 | Power ground 2 | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | Grounding point |
| #C5 | #B5 | Power supply from the system relay | U = Ubat | - | Power supply 12 V engine control module (ECM) from the system relay. |
| #C6 | #B6 | Power ground 3 | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | Ground terminal, connected to the chassis at the right-hand suspension turret |
| #C7 | #B7 | - | - | - | |
| #C8 | #B8 | Engine cooling fan control module, control signal | - | - | PWM signal to the engine cooling fan control module. |
| #C9 | #B9 | Starter relay, control signal (-) | - | - | |
| #C10 | #B10 | A/C relay, control signal | - | - | Air conditioning (A/C) relay activated: U=Ulow Air conditioning (A/C) relay not activated: U = Ubat |
| #C11 | #B11 | Starter relay, power supply (15 - feed) | 12 V | 12 V | |
| #C12 | #B12 | - | - | - | |
| #C13 | #B13 | Automatic: transmission control module (TCM), gear position signal. Manual: clutch pedal switch, signal | Automatic: With P/N connected: U = Ulow . With P/N disconnected: U=Ubat . |
- | Automatic: Grounded in the transmission control module (TCM) when in P/N. |
| #C14 | #B14 | Wake-up, 15-feed | 12 V | 12 V | |
| #C15 | #B15 | Power supply (15-feed) | 12 V | 12 V | |
| #C16 | #B16 | Power supply, engine control module (ECM) (terminal 30) | - | - | |
| #C17 | #B17 | Start, signal 50-feed | Signal from the ignition switch via the central electronic module (CEM). When the ignition is in position for start: U = U low | ||
| #C18 | #B18 | - | - | - | |
| #C19 | #B19 | - | - | - | |
| #C20 | #B20 | - | - | ||
| #C21 | #B21 | Fuel pump (FP) control module, control signal | - | PWM signal pulse ratio 35% (+/-5%) engine at operating temperature | PWM signal transmitted by the engine control module (ECM) to the fuel pump (FP) control module. The pulse ratio varies with the requested fuel pressure. |
| #C22 | #B22 | - | - | - | |
| #C23 | #B23 | Leak diagnostic unit, pump motor, power supply | Pump motor running: U=Ulow Pump motor not running: U = Ubat | - | Certain markets only. |
| #C24 | #B24 | - | - | - | |
| #C25 | #B25 | Air conditioning (A/C) low pressure switch, signal | - | - | High air conditioning (A/C) pressure: Ubat Low air conditioning (A/C) pressure: U low |
| #C26 | #B26 | Accelerator pedal (AP) position sensor, PWM signal | PWM signal Utop =Ubat t=5 ms pulse ratio ≈ 6 - 90 % | - | PWM signal from accelerator pedal sensor, directly connected to Engine Control Module (ECM). |
| #C27 | #B27 | System relay, control signal | - | U = Ulow | Relay activated: U=Ulow Relay not activated: U=Ubat Note that the relay can be closed after ignition off due to time for "after run". |
| #C28 | #B28 | - | - | - | |
| #C29 | #B29 | - | - | - | |
| #C30 | #B30 | Brake light switch, signal | When the brake pedal is depressed: U=Ubat . When the brake pedal is unaffected U=Ulow . | - | Signal via the central electronic module (CEM). |
| #C31 | #B31 | A/C high pressure sensor, power supply | - | - | Connected internally via power amplifier in engine control module (ECM) with boost pressure sensor, fuel pressure sensor and mass air flow sensor. |
| #C32 | #B32 | - | - | - | |
| #C33 | #B33 | - | - | - | |
| #C34 | #B34 | Outside temperature sensor, signal ground | U = Ulow | U = Ulow | - |
| #C35 | #B35 | Outside temperature sensor, Signal | U = Ulow | U=0.5-4 V | |
| #C36 | #B36 | - | - | - | |
| #C37 | #B37 | - | - | - | |
| #C38 | #B38 | - | - | - | |
| #C39 | #B39 | - | - | - | |
| #C40 | #B40 | - | - | - | |
| #C41 | #B41 | HS-CAN L | - | - | Connected to #B54 (#C54) (HS-CAN H) via terminating resistor. |
| #C42 | #B42 | - | - | - | |
| #C43 | #B43 | - | - | - | |
| #C44 | #B44 | HS-CAN L, transmission control module (TCM) | - | - | |
| #C45 | #B45 | Leakage diagnosis unit, preheating, control signal | - | - | Heating element activated: U=Ulow. . Heating element not activated: U=Ubat. . |
| #C46 | #B46 | Leak diagnostic unit, valve, control signal | - | - | Only certain markets. Valve activated: U=Ulow . Valve not activated: U = Ubat . |
| #C47 | #B47 | Diagnostic lead C-line | - | - | |
| #C48 | #B48 | - | - | - | |
| #C49 | #B49 | - | - | - | |
| #C50 | #B50 | - | - | - | |
| #C51 | #B51 | Air conditioning (A/C) high pressure sensor signal | - | - | The voltage increases with increased pressure. |
| #C52 | #B52 | - | - | - | |
| #C53 | #B53 | A/C high pressure sensor, signal ground | U = Ulow | - | |
| #C54 | #B54 | HS-CAN H | - | - | Connected to #B41 (#C41) (HS-CAN L) via terminating resistor |
| #C55 | #B55 | - | - | - | |
| #C56 | #B56 | - | - | - | |
| #C57 | #B57 | HS-CAN H, transmission control module (TCM) | - | - | |
| #C58 | #B58 | - | - | - |
Factory Service Tools
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When to See a Mechanic
Stop DIY work and contact a certified mechanic immediately if any of the following apply:
- • You smell fuel, burning insulation, or see smoke.
- • Brakes feel soft, pull hard to one side, or make grinding noises.
- • The engine overheats, stalls repeatedly, or misfires under load.
- • You are missing required tools, torque specs, or safe lifting equipment.
- • You are not confident in the next step or safety outcome.
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