Sensor operating range information can help determine if a sensor is out of calibration. An out-of-calibration sensor may not set a trouble code, but it may cause driveability problems.

NOTE: Unless stated otherwise in test procedure, perform all voltage tests using a Digital Volt-Ohmmeter (DVOM) with a minimum 10-megohm input impedance.

COMPONENT RESISTANCE VALUES @ 68°F (20°C)

Component		Ohms
Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor		1235-1365
EVAP Purge Control Valve		20-40
Fuel Injector (Bosch)		13.8-15.2
HO2S Heater		5.7
IAC Stepper Motor Coil		51-55
Ignition Coil (Bosch)
Primary Coil		0.45-0.55
Secondary Coil		12,000-14,600
Throttle Position Sensor		3200-4800

Fig 1: Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Output Values

Courtesy of LAND ROVER NORTH AMERICA, INC.

FUEL TANK SENDING UNIT RESISTANCE

Fuel Gauge Reading

Approximate Fuel Tank Volume Gals. (L)

Sender Unit Resistance Ohms

FULL

25 (95)

⁽¹⁾ 15-19

3/4

18.8 (71)

1/2

12.7 (48)

1/4

6.4 (24)

110

RESERVE (Fuel Light ON)

2.9 (11)

⁽²⁾ 146-158

EMPTY

Zero (0)

⁽³⁾ 245-270

⁽¹⁾	When the fuel gauge registers FULL the sender unit resistance should be approximately 15-19 ohms and the output voltage should be approximately one volt.

⁽²⁾	Low fuel indicator light will illuminate when the sender unit resistance is more than 175 ohms and the output voltage is approximately 2.77 volts. Low fuel indicator light will go out when sender unit resistance is less than 117 ohms and the output voltage is approximately 2.40 volts.

⁽³⁾	When the fuel gauge resisters EMPTY the sender unit resistance should be approximately 245-270 ohms and the output voltage should approximately 3.16 volts.

HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (HO2S) OUTPUT VOLTAGE

Condition

Volts

Primary HO2S

⁽¹⁾ 100-900 mV

Secondary HO2S

⁽²⁾ 200-650 mV

⁽¹⁾	Voltage should switch from high to low and back at approximately 0.5 Hz.

⁽²⁾	Voltage should be static or change high to low and back slowly.

THROTTLE POSITION (TP) SENSOR VOLTAGE

Condition	Volts
Closed Throttle	Less Than 0.5 Volts
Wide Open Throttle (WOT)	More Than 4.5 Volts

Fig 2: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor Output Values

Courtesy of LAND ROVER NORTH AMERICA, INC.

When to See a Mechanic

Stop DIY work and contact a certified mechanic immediately if any of the following apply:

• You smell fuel, burning insulation, or see smoke.

• Brakes feel soft, pull hard to one side, or make grinding noises.

• The engine overheats, stalls repeatedly, or misfires under load.

• You are missing required tools, torque specs, or safe lifting equipment.

• You are not confident in the next step or safety outcome.

Safety Warning

Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts: Introduction

Use the Manual With the Right Hardware

When to See a Mechanic

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