Safety Warning
DIY auto repair can cause serious injury, fire, or vehicle damage. These guides are for informational purposes only. Always follow OEM torque specs, wear PPE, and consult a certified mechanic if you are unsure. You are solely responsible for your safety.
Input Sensors
MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR (MAFS)
Type: Hot-Film Type
Specification
| Air Flow | Output Voltage (V) | |
|---|---|---|
| kg/h | lb/min | |
| 4.9 | 0.18 | 0.7V |
| 7.3 | 0.27 | 0.9V |
| 12.2 | 0.45 | 1.18V |
| 20.8 | 0.76 | 1.51V |
| 28.3 | 1.04 | 1.73V |
| 38.9 | 1.43 | 1.97V |
| 64.7 | 2.38 | 2.4V |
| 113.3 | 4.16 | 2.9V |
| 185.3 | 6.81 | 3.35V |
| 256.0 | 9.40 | 3.64V |
| 404.6 | 14.87 | 4.07V |
| 476.7 | 17.50 | 4.25V |
| 603.3 | 22.17 | 4.56V |
INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR (IATS)
Type: Thermister type
Specification
| Temperature | Resistance (kΩ) | |
|---|---|---|
| °C | °F | |
| -40 °C | -40°F | 41.26-47.49kΩ |
| -20 °C | -4°F | 14.26-16.02kΩ |
| 0°C | 32°F | 5.50-6.05kΩ |
| 20 °C | 68°F | 2.35-2.54kΩ |
| 40 °C | 104°F | 1.11-1.19kΩ |
| 60 °C | 140°F | 0.57-0.60kΩ |
| 80 °C | 176°F | 0.31-0.32kΩ |
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR (ECTS)
Type: Thermister type
Specification
| Temperature | Resistance (kΩ) | |
|---|---|---|
| °C | °F | |
| -40 °C | -40 °F | 48.14kΩ |
| -20 °C | -4 °F | 14.13-16.83kΩ |
| 0 °C | 32 °F | 5.79kΩ |
| 20 °C | 68 °F | 2.31-2.59kΩ |
| 40 °C | 104 °F | 1.15kΩ |
| 60 °C | 140 °F | 0.59kΩ |
| 80 °C | 176 °F | 0.32kΩ |
THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR (TPS)
Type: Variable resistor type
Specification
| Throttle Angle | Output Voltage (V) |
|---|---|
| C.T | 0.2-0.7V |
| W.O.T | Min. 4.0V |
| Items | Specification |
|---|---|
| Sensor Resistance (kΩ) | 1.6-2.4 kΩ |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (HO2S)
Type: Zirconia (ZrO2) Type
Specification
| A/F Ratio | Output Voltage (V) |
|---|---|
| Rich | 0.6-1.0V |
| Lean | 0-0.4V |
| Items | Specification |
|---|---|
| Heater Resistance (Ω) | Approximately 9.0Ω at 20 °C (68°F) |
CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR (CMPS)
Type: Hall effect type
CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR (CKPS)
Type: Magnetic field sensitive Type
KNOCK SENSOR (KS)
Type: Piezo-electricity type
Specification
| Items | Specification |
|---|---|
| Capacitance (pF) | 950-1,350pF |
| Resistance (MΩ) | 4.87MΩ |
FUEL TANK PRESSURE SENSOR (FTPS)
Type: Piezo-Resistivity type
Specification
| Pressure (kPa) | Output Voltage (V) |
|---|---|
| -6.67 kPa | 0.5V |
| 0 kPa | 2.5V |
| 6.67 kPa | 4.5V |
Use the Manual With the Right Hardware
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When to See a Mechanic
Stop DIY work and contact a certified mechanic immediately if any of the following apply:
- • You smell fuel, burning insulation, or see smoke.
- • Brakes feel soft, pull hard to one side, or make grinding noises.
- • The engine overheats, stalls repeatedly, or misfires under load.
- • You are missing required tools, torque specs, or safe lifting equipment.
- • You are not confident in the next step or safety outcome.