Safety Warning
DIY auto repair can cause serious injury, fire, or vehicle damage. These guides are for informational purposes only. Always follow OEM torque specs, wear PPE, and consult a certified mechanic if you are unsure. You are solely responsible for your safety.
Fuel Injection Control
Stratified-charge Combustion
Stratified-charge combustion is a combustion method which enables extremely lean combustion by injecting fuel in the latter half of a compression process, collecting combustible air-fuel around the spark plug, and forming fuel-free airspace around the mixture.
Right after a start with the engine cold, the catalyst warm-up is accelerated by stratified-charge combustion.
Homogeneous Combustion
Homogeneous combustion is a combustion method that fuel is injected during intake process so that combustion occurs in the entire combustion chamber, as is common with conventional methods.
As for a start except for starts with the engine cold, homogeneous combustion occurs.
Use the Manual With the Right Hardware
Pair factory procedures with proven DIY tools so the instructions are easier to execute.
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When to See a Mechanic
Stop DIY work and contact a certified mechanic immediately if any of the following apply:
- • You smell fuel, burning insulation, or see smoke.
- • Brakes feel soft, pull hard to one side, or make grinding noises.
- • The engine overheats, stalls repeatedly, or misfires under load.
- • You are missing required tools, torque specs, or safe lifting equipment.
- • You are not confident in the next step or safety outcome.
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