1985 Ford Ranger 2.8 S, RWD, StandardFACTORY OEM SERVICE PROCEDURE

Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)

This system contains a TWC converter and an OC converter in a common housing, separated by a small air space. See Fig 1. The 2 catalysts are referred to as catalyst beds. Exhaust gases pass through the TWC first. The TWC bed performs the same function as it would as a separate device, reducing all 3 emissions. As exhaust gases leave the bed, they pass through the air space and into the second (OC) converter catalyst bed.

Visually check for presence of catalytic converter(s). Check for external damage such as severe dents, removed or damaged heat shields, etc. Check for pellets or pieces of converter in the tailpipe.

Fig 1: Typical Three-Way + Oxidation Catalytic Converter
G93C04136Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.
Factory Service Tools

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When to See a Mechanic

Stop DIY work and contact a certified mechanic immediately if any of the following apply:

  • β€’ You smell fuel, burning insulation, or see smoke.
  • β€’ Brakes feel soft, pull hard to one side, or make grinding noises.
  • β€’ The engine overheats, stalls repeatedly, or misfires under load.
  • β€’ You are missing required tools, torque specs, or safe lifting equipment.
  • β€’ You are not confident in the next step or safety outcome.

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