Ignition And Timing

Ignition 

A spark ignition (SI) engine requires a spark to initiate combustion in the combustion chamber. Voltage is supplied to the spark plug where the electricity will arc across a gap at a voltage as high as 100 kilovolts. The ECM determines the precise moment to fire each spark plug using ignition logic which is pre-programmed into the ECM as a function of engine speed and load. An optimally calibrated ignition system ensures consistent and reliable ignition under all conditions. Knock or misfire as a result of incorrect ignition can lead to destruction of engine components or damage of the catalytic converter.

Timing 

Shifts in the moment of ignition (ignition timing) can result in increased emissions, decreased performance and fuel economy. Whereas more spark advance improves power and fuel economy, it also raises HC and NOx emissions. Excessive spark advance can cause engine knock which is potentially destructive to engines. If the ECM detects knock from a signal sent by a knock sensor, it will delay (retard) the timing of the spark. Excessive spark retard lowers power output and produces high exhaust temperatures, which can also harm the engine. Carefully designed ignition logic provides optimum timing that best balances performance, fuel economy and emissions.